Laser Surveying - For Surveyors, GPS Is Out and Laser Scanning Is In

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Commercially introduced in the late 1990's, laser surveying-also known as laser scanning-has grown in popularity until, today, surveying companies that wish to remain competitive must own a laser scanner, and often more than one. Although GPS surveying remains a standard service, its drawbacks compared to laser surveying are causing an industry wide switch to the latter-a change that some surveyors have already embraced.

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One example of a surveyor that successfully transitioned from GPS to laser scanning is LandAir Surveying, a Georgia based company that started business in 1988 performing topographic surveys and site surveys for contractors in Georgia and surrounding states. Like most surveyors who graduated to laser scanning, LandAir used GPS into the early 2000's, when a specific project revealed the need for an equipment upgrade. For LandAir, that project was the Georgia Department of Transportation's need for an as-built conditions survey for an eight lane bridge, which was too wide and long for GPS devices to survey with accuracy.

After attending a laser scanning demo by a Leica Geosystems representative in 2005, LandAir purchased the Leica 3000, and today uses Leica's HDS6100, HDS6000, and ScanStation II scanners. Initially using its equipment for conventional projects, LandAir expanded to projects whose size and complexity necessitate laser scanners, such as as-builts of large interiors and structural support surveys, when companies with such projects came knocking on its door. The values that LandAir's early scanning clients saw in laser surveying are the same value that it holds today:

1. The ability to survey a broader variety of objects, environments and structures
2. The ability to complete a surveying project in as little as one surveying session
3. The collection of more precise data than GPS or total stations
4. The delivery of editable data models that clients can manipulate, thus decreasing surveyor involvement.

As LandAir discovered in 2005, surveyors who switch from traditional surveying to laser surveying do more than swap equipment; they also change how they conduct the surveying process. When switching from GPS, field notes become a thing of the past, replaced by endless data points and photographic files; a traditional line of site to the next surveying point is abandoned for more focused coverage; and laser scans often capture more data than a client initially needs but eventually finds useful, which decreases surveyor involvement. From a client perspective, the laser surveyor's decreased involvement has two benefits: it allows clients more freedom as facilitated by editable project data, and it drives down the surveying cost despite scanning equipment's higher price than GPS equipment.

Regardless of project type, its lower surveying cost and superior deliverables are making laser scanning the new surveying standard at companies where it isn't already. Companies like LandAir have stayed ahead of the game by embracing laser surveying early, a move that accounts for LandAir's scanning experience in numerous fields and industries, including law enforcement, preservation, architecture, construction, engineering, and telecommunications.

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Laser Surveying - An Introduction

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Laser surveying goes by several names, including: laser scanning, 3D laser scanning and 3D laser surveying. But in each case, a laser scanner is used to record the spatial data of an object or an environment, which is transferred to a computer where it can be viewed in the following data models: polygon mesh models, which are used for conceptual purposes; surface models, which are used to model the surface of objects; and solid CAD models, which are used to incorporate design intent into objects.

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Laser scanning has long been used by the engineering industry and in medical practice. But today, it is increasingly being used by any organization that has data capture needs, including: law enforcement organizations, which use scanners to gather crime scene and accident scene evidence; historical preservation societies, which use scanners to gather the data of historical buildings and monuments for preservation purposes; and archeological organizations, which use scanners to survey dig sites and their surrounding structures both before and during digs.

Any company or individual can purchase a laser scanner, although the cost of scanners regularly reaches six figures. As a result, many organizations choose to outsource their scanning needs to laser-scanning companies. In addition to cost of equipment, hiring a scanning service has three basic advantages over purchasing your own scanning equipment: they employ expertly trained scanning professionals; they have a range of scanning equipment that allows them to use the ideal scanner for the job; and they prevent you from having to pay maintenance on scanning equipment or replace it when it breaks or becomes obsolete.

Traditionally, the surveying of objects and environments has relied on analogue and GPS technology, both of which, as service, cost more than laser scanning, and neither of which produce the elite data accuracy of laser scanning. In addition to eliminating the rework that can result from inaccurate surveying results, laser scanning reduces the cost of the surveying process by allowing the surveyor to become less involved. In many cases, a laser scanning service can supply the desired data in only one surveying session.

In some cases, companies and organizations shy away from laser scanning because they prefer the traditional method of interpreting an object or an environment's data through 2D drawings. However, most laser scanning companies employ a draftsman and provide 2D drawings upon request, typically marketing them as the best way to retain a hardcopy of computerized data in the event of computer failure.

Similarly, computerized scan data can also aid 2D drawings, allowing customers to contemplate an object or environment from a variety perspectives by rotating it or manipulating its data to see how it would look if certain design principles were applied. Regardless of its application, laser surveying always serves the same function: to record the accurate spatial data of an object or environment and allow the customer to repurpose it as needed.

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Land Surveying: Ethics of a Land Surveyor

Not a lot of people realize that land surveying is actually a fusion of art and science. Yes, different equipments are available for the surveyor's use, but the land surveyor still has the last say on the results. If you want to be a good civil surveyor civil surveyor course in Rawalpindi is a must from TSK in Rawalpindi.
Despite this though, a land surveyor still has several guidelines to follow. If you've had an experience with a dishonest surveyor, or are wary about hiring one, this article should be able to help you out.
In civil surveyor course in Rawalpindi , surveyor should always start a project with fairness in mind. Your client as well as everybody party involved in the project is expecting you to be fair and just so make the best possible assessment with the evidences handed to you.
Before a project commences, the surveyor assigned to the project should come forward if there's a possibility of conflict of interest. This is very important to preserve their relationship with the client. A surveyor should avoid professional impropriety by declaring involvement or any prior affiliations with any of the involved parties. It is also the surveyor's responsibility to keep any information regarding the project as well as the client confidential even after the project is done.
Several cases were reported where the surveyor overcharged the client. This usually happens when the client doesn't know anything about land surveying. A land surveyor running his business with ethics will never do this. Fortunately, there are more honest land surveyors than dishonest ones.
A surveyor charted from TSK under civil surveyor course in Rawalpindi should charge a project according to the length of time needed to get it done as well as the level of technical complexity required for it. For the surveyor's sake as well as the client, one should never sign plans, certificates or reports unless these are personally supervised by him. Not only is this unfair on the client's side, doing so could put his reputation in danger should the results get disputed and he doesn't know anything about them.
Just like with other industries, a land surveyor should never undermine the capability of other surveyors or the people from the land surveying industry.
New technologies come up for land surveying all the time. When a surveyor knows that a project is beyond his skills, he should tell the client about it. There's no sense accepting a project only to come up with a subpar result. It will only hurt your business and your reputation.
Surveyors should also be responsible enough to study, do a thorough research, practice and utilize his skills before offering clients a new service. If a surveyor is new to flood determination, for instance, then he needs to make sure that he knows how to perform it before offering it to his clients.
Surveyors do not work alone. They usually have a staff to support them. The land surveyor needs to be responsible for their actions at all cost, for actions or work carried out by them.

Why Choose a Professional Landscape Designer?

In the modern world of "do-it-yourself" solutions to a myriad of problems, and with the advent of universal knowledge via the computer, one feels confident in attempting that for which they are not really qualified. Cost-saving incentives and one's egoistic nature delude the neophyte to over-estimate their inherent ability to perform tasks requiring specialization and experience. The adage, "A penny saved is a penny earned," should not lend itself to a false sense of economy. And, when our personal endeavors fail to achieve the desired result, we often reach the point of near-despair, finding ourselves regretting not seeking reputable expertise. Failing to heed the advice of professionals may contravene the prudence of self-reliance. To be a professional you must have civil surveyor course in rawalpindi.

The dilemma of inept foresight by the novice typically applies to household repairs, the selling of real estate, and, of course, improvements to and the planning of landscaping projects. Invariably, complications arise requiring at least a modicum of familiarity with any given situation. Severe drainage problems created by improper grading, for example, must be redressed, incurring additional expenditures that could have been foreseen and prevented at the inception of development. A professional landscape design not only minimizes recurring costs, but actually enhances the monetary valuation of the property.

During the twenties and thirties of the last century, the relatively few landscape architects in America primarily were engaged with land estates of the wealthy, occasionally guiding the construction of municipal parks. The European model of garden design greatly influenced the creative mind; Italian and French concepts were characterized by scale and proportion in their execution, thus establishing the prototypes of classic beauty. But then, large holdings later were diversified, and the master planning of residential subdivisions became the domain of surveyors and civil engineers. As the profession of landscape architecture continued to evolve, government employment and the social engineering of our environment appealed to a broad spectrum of young "planners" (as opposed to designers), embracing also students from other disciplines. If you want to do highly paid job we recommended you to do civil surveyor course in rawalpindi. The teaching of fine art as an adjunct to collegiate programs of professional study consequently gave way to the more functional or utilitarian aspects of land-use planning and development. Today, then, the public-at-large generally is unmindful of the benefits to be derived from the artistic skills of a professional landscape designer specializing in residential properties, thereby reclaiming the heritage of traditionalism. And, local nurseries now assume the role of embellishing the home grounds, further contending with those who pursue a full-time career in the marketing of pure design.

Whereas contemporary civil surveyor course in rawalpindi may apply themselves to a variety of specializations (even becoming sociologically and politically active in the use of our land), the landscape designer has made it clear that that is their specialty--design! The end product of the latter therefore should characteristically incorporate the elements and principles of abstract art as applied to the environment. The visual qualities of unity, balance, rhythm, harmony, and dominance thus would be manifest in their planting compositions and courtyard concepts, not to mention scale and proportion! Of course, grading, the selection of materials, and overall planning are requisite functions of the professional landscape designer, but to be sure the distinguishing sensitivity of the true practitioner is their unique awareness of art forms in the implementation of design solutions.

Building Surveyor Training

The training for a building surveyor usually involves a broad kind of advice on the improvement of new constructions and the rest of the architectural works. Building surveyors work on-site of a new project or play an important role in a large team performing the job of restoring and up keeping an older building or a historic architecture.
They are also required to submit testimony to courts when there is any violation in building rules and regulations. The main job is to make sure the completion of the building works on time. Other major responsibilities include providing advice about the budget amounts to the client, maintaining contractors, purchasing supply materials and various other project requirements.
Building civil surveyor course in rawalpindi are also hired for the purpose of analyzing the situation of a fault or damaged building. In this case, they should perform the job of analyzing the defects of the buildings and propose a building plan and the budget amount for repairing the building. The modern building surveyors should have the knowledge about the recent advanced energy efficient technology and the impacts caused by the construction of new building on the environment and society.
They are also required to perform the other most important jobs like designing building plans suitable for helping out handicapped persons, providing advices and tips on the regulations and legislation's of the current building and preparing and negotiating the insurance plans.
A bachelor's degree is required for a building surveyor. However, students holding a high school diploma with practical hands on experience and the students who have completed vocational courses in the surveying field are all eligible to become a building surveyor. Some states also require the candidate to pass the tests conducted by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying along with the local tests.
The bachelors of Science degree program in civil surveyor course in rawalpindi is offered in the tsk. The program is available both as a full part or a part time course. This program improves skills and knowledge in the surveying field, designing, specifications and maintaining the buildings. Legal, economic and managerial trainings pertaining to the field is also offered. This institute also offers placement program for full time participants.
The industrial placement year is provided by an accredited building construction employer. The candidates are required to make a certain payment for this. It is offered during the second or third academic year of the course.
After receiving the approved degree or diploma by RICS, practical experience is also necessary to be a completely eligible building surveyor. Training courses for building surveyors are provided by The UK Network of Building Surveyors and Structural Engineers. Curtin University of Technology offers the graduate diploma in building surveying.
Several institutes offer several approved corresponding qualifications. Some of those include Chartered Institute of Housing, Institute of Revenues, Rating and valuation, Civil Engineers Surveyors Institution, Building Engineers. Few surveyors join multiple institutions. The persons who are can apply for the license in building surveying includes the building civil surveyor course in rawalpindi assistant building surveyor and the building surveying technician.
The application for the license must be provided in the approved form and should mention the required license level. It should also include the license fee and application fee details, identity of the applicants and finally the approved certificate of the candidate. The application must be submitted to the BSA for receiving the license. The license for building surveyors expire after one year.

Advanced instrument for Land Surveyor

What TSK covers in civil surveyor course in rawalpindi
Land surveyors job includes calculating associated with dimensional relationships among points, lines, as well as physical attributes at or near to the Earth’s surface area. Essentially, surveying entails calculating associated with side to side ranges, height variations, instructions, and perspectives.
This is actually presumed that side to side distances tend to be parallel to some common plane. Likewise, each dimension offers both span and route. Span is generally pointed out in feet or within meters. The actual path is offered as a showing of the actual azimuth position to some reference meridian. The actual meridian is generally taken as the actual north-south direction.
The actual point of origin is actually set up with regard to the actual lines of surveys. Generally, the majority of coordinate methods possess the source positioned west and south from the region in order to be surveyed, to ensure that most coordinates are positive within the north-east quadrant. The actual Land Surveying entails vertical measurement which supplies the 3rd dimensions for an object’s placement.
This method in civil surveyor course in rawalpindi is principally concentrating on establishment of residence boundaries by means of methodical examine, examination, collecting details via industry observations as well as measurements and study of lawful devices associated with property. Likewise, it calls for the re-establishment of cadastral studies and also land limits depending on recorded data as well as historical proof.
This particular process additionally consists of validating neighborhood roadmaps, listed property studies, judicial surveys, and space delineation. This may additionally end up being related to providers for example mapping and associated information accumulation, development layout, accuracy measurements associated with length, position, height, area, and quantity, in addition to horizontal and vertical management surveys, and also the evaluation and usage of land survey data.
In civil surveyor course in rawalpindi, it is important to observe that it’s been an essential functionality within enhancement with the human being environment. It’s been a fundamental piece of organizing and execution of any kind of kind of development. It’s most recent use has spanned directly into the actual field of transportation, structures, telecoms, mapping and also establishment of lawful limitations of property possession.
Right up until lately the fundamental resources employed for this method had been, tape measuring the actual limited distances, a Level with regard to identifying the actual height variations, in addition to theodolite for to calculate the perspectives horizontally and vertically together with triangulation. These days, much more advanced instrument for example complete station is broadly utilized. Land surveyors utilize a mixture of expertise and also training comprehends and determines the qualities associated with property.

Civil Engineering benefits

One of the oldest and most important engineering disciplines in the world is civil engineering. Many buildings and structures have evoked our amazement, right from the pyramids of Egypt to the Taj Mahal in India and all these bear testament to the rich legacy of civil surveyor course in rawalpindi.
Civil engineering can be defined as a specialized branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction and maintenance of bridges, buildings, dams and other structures. Human civilization cannot exist without major contributions from this branch of engineering and it is thus an indispensable discipline.
civil surveyor course in rawalpindi are usually employed in construction activities in both the private and public sectors. They can also become a research fellow or a lecturer in universities. Further opportunities for these technical guys include being a surveyor, a technical report writer or even a project manager. Thus the possibilities and avenues for growth are endless. These specialized technical personnel have to have an eye for detail and an inherent ability to improvise.
The civil surveyor course in rawalpindi involve themselves in feasibility and technical studies and conduct detailed investigations in the initial stages itself to avoid costly lapses in the later stages. The design and architectural aspects of the building are also studied in detail to ensure that the project complies with existing regulatory guidelines. Further, a risk and personnel management plan is formulated to ensure that safety aspects of any project are not compromised.
Further, these engineers must have good leadership skills to ensure that they have the right attitude to interact with personnel involved in the project right from laborers to high profile stake holders.
Equipment quality and reliability is another important aspect for which these engineers are responsible for and they have to ensure that near misses and accidents do not happen in the construction site. A good knowledge of finance is required to ensure that the project is completed within budget in a timely and efficient manner. Thus a civil engineer needs to be an all rounder.
They have a very challenging work environment and are one of the best paid professionals in the world. Job satisfaction is also high since the spirit of "I helped build that" runs through the blood of every civil engineer.
The civil engineering department has excellent and experienced teachers with a skilled support staff. The department has modern and well equipped labs and also undertakes consultancy work for the industry.