Role of Surveyors While Surveying Lands

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Surveying is a technique of determining the available space in different dimensions and also analyzing the angles and distance between them. Surveying contributes a great part in the construction process and this is explained in civil surveyor course in rawalpindi

Land survey - It is an art of determining the features earths surface, representing all those information on paper in the form of plans and figures.

In what way land survey is beneficial in civil surveyor course in rawalpindi?

-              Land surveys helps to ascertain the location of land boundaries. When the survey of lands is not done, it becomes difficult to build the railroads, to uplift the skyscrapers and the individuals cannot put up fences around their yards, when the surveying is not done. It helps to assign the boundary lines and also gives exact measurements for your land.

-              When you purchase a real estate land, it should be surveyed to avoid problems like disputes and other trespassers.

Before doing a land survey, the following points should be considered

1. Get to know, for what reason you need land survey to be done, whether to locate the boundaries or to place a fence.
2. Make a search online to gain information about the land surveyors in Texas and famous Survey Companies. After choosing a surveyor, you could tell the expectations regarding the survey.
3. Give the relevant old survey documents of the real estate land to your surveyor. Ask the survey company to estimate the cost for doing a land survey. You can ask your surveyor regarding how long it will take to do a survey.

Surveyors

A surveyor is one who informs people about the location of their lands by mapping the topography of land.

Duties of the surveyors explained in civil surveyor course in rawalpindi

-              They work out title surveys for transactions in the real estate and they give certification that the structures are built according to the design and the layout of the buildings. They also plot the slopes and areas for pay volumes or quantities. Legal descriptions are written by the surveyors, which are used to describe the property, airports, railroads and cellular networks. Some major duties are conducting research on documents and land measurement.

-              Land surveyors should be well prepared to work in all situations, to work both in office as well as in field. Global positioning systems, metal detectors and laptops are some of the equipments used by the surveyors.

It is in the hands of the people to select the right land surveyor and survey company to make out surveys for their lands. In Texas, there are lots of surveying companies for you to choose from. Before contacting any survey company, collect details about that company and about the kinds of services they provide. There are many professional land surveyors in Texas, who have the authority to survey both private and public property.

Theodolite V-S Total Station

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These are two of the main surveying instruments that are used for measuring vertical and horizontal angles during engineering projects and surveying. However, there are certain basic differences between theodolite and total station which you will learn practically in civil surveyor course in rawalpindi.

What is Theodolite?

A theodolite is a scientific precision instrument which measures angles in the horizontal and vertical planes. It is mainly used for surveying operations. Some of the adapted types of theodolites are even used in fields like meteorology and rocket launch technology.

What is Total Station?

It is essentially is a theodolite- an electronic theodolite (transit) to be specific. Thus it can be called a type of theodolite which is integrated with an electronic distance meter (EDM) for reading slope distances between the instrument and a particular point.

Difference Between Theodolite and Total Station explained in detail in civil surveyor course in rawalpindi

The comparison of both instruments can be done on a number of criteria like components, features, ease of operation, cost etc, though the basic function of both remains the same - measurement of horizontal and vertical angles.

A theodolite has a telescope between the horizontal and vertical axes. However, the axes angle can be calculated accurately only if the operator knows enough of trigonometry. On the other hand, most of the total stations are equipped with software for site calibration, coordinate geometry calculations and other features for maximized productivity.

An assistant is always required to operate for facilitating the measurement and alignment of angles. This is not the case with the other instrument, especially when using robotic one as it allows the operator to work single handed with the help of a remote control.

A theodolite is generally suitable for surveys of small size plots whereas total stations are more suitable for survey requirements over large distances, especially for difficult terrain as their results in such environments are more accurate and dependable.

As far as cost factor is concerned, total stations are more expensive than theodolites and also require civil surveyor course in rawalpindi as well as software training according to the specific product and models.

Thus, after analyzing the differences between both the survey equipment, it seems that total station is a superior surveying tool as compared to theodolite due to its digital integration and all-inclusive features. However, factors related to time, expertise available, and cost also determine which one is preferred by the users. If you have decided in favor of total station, then there is more to decide about whether to use GPS version or not? For guidance, read GPS Total Station - Benefits and Drawbacks

Land Survey Equipment

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Since ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt and Rome, man has used tools to measure and keep his boundaries and separate himself from his neighbors. While the use of such tools were all but lost in the Middle Ages, the Renaissance saw a resurgence in interest and need in tools to survey and parcel the land around them. Many tools still used today are similar to those used to map and survey the initial settlements of the United States. We are at the dawn of a new era, however, where technology that has not drastically changed in the past hundreds of years are being introduced to the computer age, which has served to only make man's estimations even more accurate than before.

In its earliest forms, one of the main tools for conducting land surveys was a chain (sometimes known as a Gunter's chain) of a specific length. These chains would be pulled taut, and attempts were made to hold the measure level in order to improve accuracy.

Leaps and bounds in accuracy in surveying were made with the introduction of such equipment as the surveyor's compass and theodolite so that is why civil surveyor course in rawalpindi is important. The surveyor's compass, or circumferentor, consisted of a brass circle and an index; on the circle was a compass. It was used to measure horizontal angles. A theodolite could measure both horizontal and vertical angles. Because of the greater accuracy, the theodolite was the preferred tool for surveyors throughout Europe by the early 1800s. However, because of its bulk, the surveyor's compass was still used in heavily wooded areas, leading to its resurgence in popularity during the Colonial period in the United States.

Theodolites training is the main in civil surveyor course in rawalpindi, though more sophisticated versions, were still used as late as the 1990's for simple surveys, along with other equipment to improve the accuracy. More recently, modern electronics have improved on the theodolite with the addition of an electronic distance measurement device, or EDM; these tools are referred to as total stations. In a short period of time, total stations have gone from being mechanical/electronic devices to purely electronic systems with onboard computer and software.

Global Positioning Systems have also entered the arena of civil surveyor course in rawalpindi, and have steadily gained in knowledge and use in the private sector. For land surveying, however, they are not always as accurate as the surveyor would wish. Though they have increased the speed of surveying, GPS systems are only horizontally accurate to 20mm and vertically accurate to about 30mm. Additionally, GPS systems have problems functioning properly in heavily wooded areas. In many cases, surveyors will still rely on their total stations in conjunction with other equipment such as laser scanners. Where the budget is large enough, a helicopter equipped with a GPS system can verify the findings on the ground.

AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009 Survey Database Issues

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Just a brief alert for those of you using AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009 survey databases. I've encountered a problem where if I try to import a survey field book into a new survey network that uses existing setup and backsight points from another survey network, things go wrong and then I took civil surveyor course in rawalpindi. Please note that I am not using Vault to manage my survey databases, therefore I don't know if this is also an issue for those of you using Vault. The program won't recognize the existing points you are trying to occupy, apparently because they are in another survey network (but within the same survey database of course), and will result in the following error message:

The reason I am alerting you to this, other than it's not working correctly, is that I have had the field book input into the wrong survey network (the one where the existing occupied point number resided). This happened when I hit "cancel". And therefore the importance of civil surveyor course in rawalpindi  is further emphasized.Having your data end up in the wrong survey network is one thing, but it's very difficult to undo this process if this new data is intermixed with your older survey data (particularly if your field data has issues and was not completely corrected prior to being input). Also note that you may get unexpected results even if you click yes or no. And this also seems to create problems with survey figures being created.

The folks at Autodesk are currently working on this problem with me and I expect a resolution to this issue shortly. However, in the meantime I recommend the following as a part of civil surveyor course in rawalpindi:

Make sure your survey field books are edited, appropriately corrected and ready to run. You can check this by setting up a "scratch" or temporary survey database (and drawing file) to test the input of your field book. Common issues are: incorrect setup/backsight points, duplicate point numbers, incorrect descriptions, incorrect rod heights and corrections to survey figure commands and descriptions. Basically, look where there is human input at the data collector prompts.

Before you add anything to your project survey database, make complete copies of all the project files, particularly the survey database itself, so that if something goes wrong you can easily go back in time to where you started.

The Difference Between a Theodolite and a Total Station

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Both are tools used to measure horizontal and vertical angles during surveying and engineering projects. Each have particular pros and cons which can be utilized in various situations. In general, it will depend on the time, money, man power, and expertise you have available when deciding on the right tool for your job. Companies in Pakistan prefers civil surveyor course in rawalpindi to train their employees

civil surveyor course in rawalpindi  provides training on theodolites that have been used for hundreds of years, the main operation of these tools remains the same. A theodolite consists of a moveable telescope mounted between a vertical and horizontal axes. The angle of each axes can be measured with fairly accurate precision as long as the operator has sufficient knowledge of the tool's use and basic trigonometry. However, the use of a theodolite generally requires the help of at least one other person besides the main operator to help measure and align angles. When precision counts, it is imperative that both operators are properly trained and understand all of the elements of gathering data; this may include leveling the tripod/theodolite and measuring stake, as well as aligning the stake and measuring line to gather accurate data, and finally use mathematical and graphical skills to generate the appropriate output.

The benefits of a total station is also explained in civil surveyor course in rawalpindi will outweigh the downsides, in most cases, because of its all-inclusive features and digital integration. These tools integrates theodolite functions in order to measure angles and distance with an EDM (electronic distance meter). They also use a system of prisms and lasers to develop digital readings of all the measurements during your job. All of the information gathered with the total station is stored in an external computer where data can be manipulated and added to CAD programs. Robotic total stations are available that allow the operator to work alone with the use of a remote control.

A total station is generally superior to a theodolite because of its digital integration and precision. However, total stations are much more expensive and require not only surveying training, but specific product and software training as well. When completing surveying jobs that span large distances, especially over treacherous terrain, a total station will provide the most reliable and accurate results. For simple plots of smaller areas, a theodolite is sufficient. Before you purchase either tool, ensure it comes with the necessary accessories you'll need on the job. For a theodolite you will want a measuring stake and steel tape, a tripod, as well as grid paper and a pencil to record the data. In most cases, a total station will come with all the necessary accessories you need, however, some may not so always double check!

Automatic Level Instruments - Ideal Choice of a Civil Engineer

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In civil surveyor course in rawalpindi , surveying refers to the technique of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional positions of points. It also calculates the distances and angles between those points. These points are used to design maps, boundaries, location of places, routes etc. Every technique requires some tools to give results and same do surveying. Apart from the brain and hands there are several tools used before starting a construction project. One of them is an automatic level instrument which is used for land surveying in civil surveyor course in rawalpindi.

It is an optical instrument which is used for surveying and building purpose in order to measure and set the horizontal levels. The engineers can get these excellent quality instruments from automatic level instrument suppliers.

Coming to the construction, it is set up on a tripod stand, accurate or nearly accurate to a level condition by using leveling screws. It consists of a telescope and the user looks through the eyepiece. An assistant is also required to hold a graduated staff which is vertical at the point under measurement. Observations of previous survey and new arbitrary points and height can be considered for each survey. It is the advanced version of dumpy level instrument which was a simple device, nothing more than a small telescope accompanied with a bubble level.

These instruments are available in market ranging in price, durability and brands. They can also be differentiated by the way they work and the purpose of the instrument. For example, Automatic Level AE-7 is a surveying instrument and was released by Nikon in 1993. It is the fundamental tool for civil engineering and is a long-selling product that is still being manufactured and sold to engineers. However, developments are still being made in this field.

Mechanism of automatic level: It is fitted with an internal compensator which automatically keeps the line of compilation horizontal. There are two prisms in the optical path and a reflective mirror between them. If the body of the level tilts, the mirror will also do the same to cancel out the difference from inclination. It ensures that the line of collimation remains horizontal.

When you will participate in civil surveyor course in rawalpindi Leveling requires another person, apart from the viewer, to assist him in setting up the level and focusing. For independent leveling, a laser level instrument is used which consists of a laser beam projector. This style is widely used in construction sites.

If you are living at a place where you are not getting this, then take the help of automatic level instrument exporters. They will provide you this at cost -effective rates.