Laser Surveying - For Surveyors, GPS Is Out and Laser Scanning Is In

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Commercially introduced in the late 1990's, laser surveying-also known as laser scanning-has grown in popularity until, today, surveying companies that wish to remain competitive must own a laser scanner, and often more than one. Although GPS surveying remains a standard service, its drawbacks compared to laser surveying are causing an industry wide switch to the latter-a change that some surveyors have already embraced.

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One example of a surveyor that successfully transitioned from GPS to laser scanning is LandAir Surveying, a Georgia based company that started business in 1988 performing topographic surveys and site surveys for contractors in Georgia and surrounding states. Like most surveyors who graduated to laser scanning, LandAir used GPS into the early 2000's, when a specific project revealed the need for an equipment upgrade. For LandAir, that project was the Georgia Department of Transportation's need for an as-built conditions survey for an eight lane bridge, which was too wide and long for GPS devices to survey with accuracy.

After attending a laser scanning demo by a Leica Geosystems representative in 2005, LandAir purchased the Leica 3000, and today uses Leica's HDS6100, HDS6000, and ScanStation II scanners. Initially using its equipment for conventional projects, LandAir expanded to projects whose size and complexity necessitate laser scanners, such as as-builts of large interiors and structural support surveys, when companies with such projects came knocking on its door. The values that LandAir's early scanning clients saw in laser surveying are the same value that it holds today:

1. The ability to survey a broader variety of objects, environments and structures
2. The ability to complete a surveying project in as little as one surveying session
3. The collection of more precise data than GPS or total stations
4. The delivery of editable data models that clients can manipulate, thus decreasing surveyor involvement.

As LandAir discovered in 2005, surveyors who switch from traditional surveying to laser surveying do more than swap equipment; they also change how they conduct the surveying process. When switching from GPS, field notes become a thing of the past, replaced by endless data points and photographic files; a traditional line of site to the next surveying point is abandoned for more focused coverage; and laser scans often capture more data than a client initially needs but eventually finds useful, which decreases surveyor involvement. From a client perspective, the laser surveyor's decreased involvement has two benefits: it allows clients more freedom as facilitated by editable project data, and it drives down the surveying cost despite scanning equipment's higher price than GPS equipment.

Regardless of project type, its lower surveying cost and superior deliverables are making laser scanning the new surveying standard at companies where it isn't already. Companies like LandAir have stayed ahead of the game by embracing laser surveying early, a move that accounts for LandAir's scanning experience in numerous fields and industries, including law enforcement, preservation, architecture, construction, engineering, and telecommunications.

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Laser Surveying - An Introduction

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Laser surveying goes by several names, including: laser scanning, 3D laser scanning and 3D laser surveying. But in each case, a laser scanner is used to record the spatial data of an object or an environment, which is transferred to a computer where it can be viewed in the following data models: polygon mesh models, which are used for conceptual purposes; surface models, which are used to model the surface of objects; and solid CAD models, which are used to incorporate design intent into objects.

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Laser scanning has long been used by the engineering industry and in medical practice. But today, it is increasingly being used by any organization that has data capture needs, including: law enforcement organizations, which use scanners to gather crime scene and accident scene evidence; historical preservation societies, which use scanners to gather the data of historical buildings and monuments for preservation purposes; and archeological organizations, which use scanners to survey dig sites and their surrounding structures both before and during digs.

Any company or individual can purchase a laser scanner, although the cost of scanners regularly reaches six figures. As a result, many organizations choose to outsource their scanning needs to laser-scanning companies. In addition to cost of equipment, hiring a scanning service has three basic advantages over purchasing your own scanning equipment: they employ expertly trained scanning professionals; they have a range of scanning equipment that allows them to use the ideal scanner for the job; and they prevent you from having to pay maintenance on scanning equipment or replace it when it breaks or becomes obsolete.

Traditionally, the surveying of objects and environments has relied on analogue and GPS technology, both of which, as service, cost more than laser scanning, and neither of which produce the elite data accuracy of laser scanning. In addition to eliminating the rework that can result from inaccurate surveying results, laser scanning reduces the cost of the surveying process by allowing the surveyor to become less involved. In many cases, a laser scanning service can supply the desired data in only one surveying session.

In some cases, companies and organizations shy away from laser scanning because they prefer the traditional method of interpreting an object or an environment's data through 2D drawings. However, most laser scanning companies employ a draftsman and provide 2D drawings upon request, typically marketing them as the best way to retain a hardcopy of computerized data in the event of computer failure.

Similarly, computerized scan data can also aid 2D drawings, allowing customers to contemplate an object or environment from a variety perspectives by rotating it or manipulating its data to see how it would look if certain design principles were applied. Regardless of its application, laser surveying always serves the same function: to record the accurate spatial data of an object or environment and allow the customer to repurpose it as needed.

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