Duty of Land Surveyor

Not a lot of people realize that land surveying is actually a fusion of art and science. Yes, different equipment’s are available for the surveyor's use, but the land surveyor still has the last say on the results and that is fully elaborated in civil surveyor course in rawalpindi.
Despite this though, a land surveyor still has several guidelines to follow. If you've had an experience with a dishonest surveyor, or are wary about hiring one, this article should be able to help you out.
civil surveyor course in rawalpindi trains a surveyor should always start a project with fairness in mind. Your client as well as everybody party involved in the project is expecting you to be fair and just so make the best possible assessment with the evidences handed to you.
Before a project commences, the surveyor assigned to the project should come forward if there's a possibility of conflict of interest. This is very important to preserve their relationship with the client. A surveyor should avoid professional impropriety by declaring involvement or any prior affiliations with any of the involved parties. It is also the surveyor's responsibility to keep any information regarding the project as well as the client confidential even after the project is done.
Several cases were reported where the surveyor overcharged the client. This usually happens when the client doesn't know anything about land surveying. A land surveyor running his business with ethics will never do this. Fortunately, there are more honest land surveyors than dishonest ones.
A surveyor should charge a project according to the length of time needed to get it done as well as the level of technical complexity required for it. For the surveyor's sake as well as the client, one should never sign plans, certificates or reports unless these are personally supervised by him. Not only is this unfair on the client's side, doing so could put his reputation in danger should the results get disputed and he doesn't know anything about them.
Just like with other industries, a land surveyor should never undermine the capability of other surveyors or the people from the land surveying industry and if any lacks in quality then he should be recommended civil surveyor course in rawalpindi.
New technologies come up for land surveying all the time. When a surveyor knows that a project is beyond his skills, he should tell the client about it. There's no sense accepting a project only to come up with a subpar result. It will only hurt your business and your reputation.
Surveyors should also be responsible enough to study, do a thorough research, practice and utilize his skills before offering clients a new service. If a surveyor is new to flood determination, for instance, then he needs to make sure that he knows how to perform it before offering it to his clients.
Surveyors do not work alone. They usually have a staff to support them. The land surveyor needs to be responsible for their actions at all cost, for actions or work carried out by them.

Useful Services Offered By Land Surveying Companies

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Hiring a land surveying company comes with its own set of benefits. Such companies generally employ professionals who have sufficient knowledge and experience, and are adept in measuring and surveying any given property and a great role is played by TSK Training for Skills and Knowledge under civil surveyor course in rawalpindi . It is always helpful to employ one such company for the purpose of property assessment either for regular appraisal, or for an overall evaluation before investing in a particular piece of land on which you construct a house or office building. In this article, I will talk of some of the functions performed by land surveying companies.

Construction Jobs in civil surveyor course in rawalpindi
A proper knowledge of the estimated land that is available for construction and expansion projects is very important before undertaking an architectural developmental enterprise to avoid legal hassles. A land surveying company will do adequate research and provide the client with all the necessary and relevant information that is required to avoid embroilments with the law. Whether the project involves the construction of a building from its very foundation, or expansion of a given structure, or even something as simple as installing a septic tank, or changing the water pipes, a land surveying company will give the client a clear idea about the amount of land that is disposable for use, and also a clear sense of the boundary lines, beyond which any activity can and will be considered as encroachment by the other party. The words of contractors are not always reliable, and hence, it is a wise move to employ the services of a reputed land surveying company for this purpose.

Before Purchasing A House
People often purchase plots of land on which they construct their dream homes. More often than not, the boundaries of a plot are marked by pins that have been placed into the ground. This is a rather ambiguous method, as those markers might have been placed by anybody at all, and their particular placements might have been willfully altered to one's fancy. In such cases, hiring the services of a land surveying company is tremendously profitable. The professionals conduct extensive research and give the client the real picture of the amount of land that is available to him/her for the purpose of construction. Hiring such a service is bound to give any client his/her money's worth, as he/she will be making the best use of the land that is available to him. Neither will the client get into any altercations with his neighbors or the law for encroachment, nor will he be tricked into settling for a piece of land whose area is much less in comparison to the money that he has paid for it.

Before Selling A Property
A land surveying company also provides services like estimating the worth of a particular property before it is put up for sale in the market at a certain price. This is of much importance for both the buyer and seller, as with a proper knowledge of the price tag, possibilities of either of the parties duping the other is eliminated. A trained land surveyor from TSK company under civil surveyor course in rawalpindi can be hired by either the buyer or seller for analyzing the property in question, listing the relative merits and defects, and comparing it to other properties in the market that might be on sale in the same locality to assess the competition. The professionals employed in a land surveying company have trained eyes with which they can undertake the job of research and analysis, and quote a price that does perfect justice to the property's worth.

Verifications Regarding Tax
A land survey always helps to appease doubts regarding tax. Residents who have a feeling that they are paying excessive amounts of tax for the house in which they are living can always opt for the services of a land surveying company. Such a company will provide the resident with a clear and accurate measurement of the floor area, based on which the amount of tax that must be paid can be negotiated with the municipality.

A land surveying company provides useful services that prevent naive customers from being duped by greedy contractors and land sharks. It is therefore important that people are aware of the benefits of hiring one such company.

Land Surveyors and Surveying Services

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The range of services offered by expert surveyors are extremely varied, including resource consent applications, urban and rural subdivision, Maori land partitions, topographical and site survey details, proclamation and GPOS surveys, land stability and photogrammetric survey controls. civil surveyor course in rawalpindi is an essential component of much land development, whether for commercial or residential purposes. In essence, it involves the precise measurement and mapping of geographic areas with various elements that comprise the landscape, the stability and productivity capabilities of such land.

civil surveyor course in rawalpindi  provide training for the primary function of land surveyors is to establish and/or verify boundary lines, through the actions of observing, measuring and mapping. Determining boundary lines and obtaining an accurate measure of your current or future property is essential to avoid situations of potential encroachment and the resultant disputes and claims that usually follow. Furthermore, for the purposes of building perimeter fences or buildings within the boundary, it is highly advisable to have the land measured and surveyed prior to the commencement of construction to avoid the same complications if encroachment or non compliancy with local and national building regulations has occurred.

With growing population levels placing an ever increasing pressure on all resources, including residential and commercial land, both in urban and rural environments, the value of property has literally skyrocketed. Furthermore, with rising needs to build infrastructure and housing to accommodate, facilitate and provide services to this enlarging population, the role of land surveyors and the services they provide are, and will continue to be, in high demand. Such development includes the construction of residential areas, bridges, tunnels and roads, commercial buildings and roads. From multi-billion dollar commercial developments to residential planning applications, land surveyors provide the documentation required to satisfy the local and national bodies and organisations charged with responsibility of enforcing property and building regulations.

With the advent of civil surveyor course in rawalpindi, the process of land surveying has become faster and more accurate. One such technology employed is global positioning satellites (GPS). GPS surveys afford incredibly detailed and accurate mapping to occur, which identifies existing structures, boundaries and the topography of the environment; being able to be conducted over a wide area. This is most suitable for large areas of commercial development or defining boundaries on large tracts of land, such as farms and agricultural operations.

Additional services from experienced land surveyors include a process of 'setting out'. This is where the land surveyors coordinate with the building contractors to map out exactly where the future buildings are to be located. This mapping information is then passed onto groundwork contractors, who are empowered with the exact information pertaining to the preparation of the site.

How Do Land Surveyors Establish Boundary Lines?

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While most of us may think that establishing boundary lines on a piece of land is as easy as getting a measuring tape and your deed out, the truth is much more complicated than that. Land surveyors use a combination of research, science and art to determine where the true boundaries of any given property are. And only licensed and regulated Land Surveyors specially certified from civil surveyor course in rawalpindi have the skills and means to assess a property's boundary lines properly.

Most people would assume that the boundary survey starts with the measurement of the property, but in reality, the survey begins with the licensed surveyor searching for available records concerning the property such as abstracts, title opinions, title certificate, or deed. The land surveyor must investigate and take under consideration past surveys, titles, and easements. Most properties today have been created from multiple divisions of a larger piece of property. Any time a division occurred and was not properly surveyed or recorded makes the current surveyors job more challenging.

Once the surveyor has established where the boundaries historically lie, they will start to take measurements to see if the existing in-site boundaries conflict with those in the historical records or past surveys. In the past, buildings, trees, or other landmarks were used as markers in property boundaries. This creates problems when trying to resurvey, as those markers may no longer exist. The civil surveyor course in rawalpindi use several different tools when taking measurements, from using traditional transit and tape, or electronic distance and angle measuring equipment. Increasingly, satellite positioning equipment such as GPS is being used, although the technology is not as effective in heavily wooded areas. The use of modern computer technology aids surveyors by gathering accurate information quickly, but does not replace the analytical skills and assessment of the surveyor.

With the research and new measurements complete, the surveyor will then advise on any encroachments or defects in the previous description of property. The surveyor can address any specific concerns the landowner may have about these discrepancies.

When all of the concerns have been addressed, the surveyor will give their professional assessment of where the true boundaries of the property lie. The property lines, as stated by a land surveyor licensed in the state where the property lies, become the legal boundaries of the property. If the new boundaries vary significantly from what the assumed boundaries were, it may be necessary for your neighbors to have a boundary survey conducted as well. It's not unusual for a land surveyor to end up performing surveys on several properties in a given area.

If there are serious legal concerns about the property, such as encroachments, easements or a significant difference between legal property lines and assumed one, a land surveyor will advise the client as best they can, but will also refer the client to a lawyer that specializes in property issues.

A good land surveyor will be able to guide the homeowner through the boundary survey process and answer any question they have along the way is only possible if the certification is taken from civil surveyor course in rawalpindi. While there is an expense associated with getting a proper survey completed, having one done in advance of any property issues arising will result in greater peace of mind regarding property ownership.

Embrace Your Career In Land Surveyor Training

civil surveyor course in rawalpindi

Land surveying is a profession and science determining three dimension positions of point, angles and distance between lands. It is usually used in establishing boundaries, maps and defining legal boundaries of land ownership. This is fully elaborated for TSK Students in civil surveyor course in rawalpindi

Land surveyors work in the office as well as in the field.In the field work, they use the latest technology such as Robotic Total Stations, high order GPS and terrestrial and aerial scanners to map an area, making calculations and taking photos as affirmation. In the office, Surveyors then use delicate software, such as AutoCad to map the onsite measurements and draft plans. A certified surveyor form TSK in civil surveyor course in rawalpindi has perfect knowledge and skill about his works and he/she can hire by seeing his experience.The types of Surveying specializations are Mining, land, Hydrographic, Engineering.

Land surveyors are specialized in many positions in civil surveyor course in rawalpindi:

• Photogrammetric surveying
• Boundary surveying
• Construction surveying
• Hydrographic surveying

Land surveying is in great demand in today's generation, although there is a lot of competition in this field. The more experienced you are, better are the chances of getting a good quality jobs.It is important to note that a surveyor should have knowledge about current legal records which helps them in maintaining correct legal boundaries. Maps and written notes are used in legal cases to determine ownership of land. Land surveyors are generally employed by the government but some work for the private companies, architectural and landscaping firms also in landscaping companies. And they have thorough knowledge about the land on which they are working.

Responsibility of Land Surveyor are as follows:

• Planning, organizing, and directing work of one or more survey parties engaged in surveying earth's surface to determine location and measurements of points, elevations, lines, areas, and contours for construction, map making, land division, titles, mining etc.
• Develops new data from photogrammetric records.
• Determines methods and procedures for establishing survey control.
• Keeps accurate notes, records, and sketches to describe the work performed.
• Coordinates with work of engineering and architectural personnel, clients, and others concerned with the ongoing project.
• Assumes legal responsibility for work and should be licensed by state.
• Direct or conduct surveys in order to establish legal boundaries for properties, based on legal deeds.

Reason to Become a Surveyor

• Surveying offers a great diversity of indoor and outdoor work
• There are varieties of job available.
• The salaries are excellent in this field.
• Surveyors have access to the modern technology and equipment.
• Surveyors can work for themselves or in private firms or in government departments as per their choice.

Deformation Surveys

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There are dozens of different types of land surveys, each showing different elements of the land. One type of land survey is a deformation survey which is trained in civil surveyor course in rawalpindi

What is it deformation survey in civil surveyor course in rawalpindi?

Deformation surveys are used to measure whether or not a specific area of land or object is moving or changing shape. A deformation survey shows a change in measurements and alterations of shapes and dimensions of the land.

Deformation can be caused by a variety of stresses - both natural and man-made. This can include landslides, earthquakes, sinkholes and man-made structures.

Importance

Surveys are important for a variety of reasons. They are an essential part of risk and hazard management on both a small and large scale.

Deformation surveys are very important in areas prone to earthquakes as these areas are prone to land deformation, which can have detrimental effects on land and buildings if it is not monitored adequately.

Insurance premiums can be decreased significantly through regular deformation surveys on property, as they help to reduce risk exposure both before and during construction and during the lifespan of the property.

When are they used for?

There are a variety of purposes for these surveys. They are most commonly used in civil engineering applications such as the building and monitoring of dams, tunnels, roads, bridges and viaducts.

Owners of high-rise and historical buildings also need to regularly have a deformation survey conducted for their buildings to check that there are no current or potential structural damages.

They are also used prior to building on land - particularly in earthquake prone areas and along volcano and landslide slopes. It is important to assess the stability of land before construction starts.

How is deformation surveyed?

There are several methods to creating a survey. However, the general method is to measure the land at one stage in time then measure it again at a later date and then compare the two to see if here are any changes.

There are three main devices used to make a deformation survey: geodetic measuring devices, such as total stations, levels and GPS receivers; geotechnical measuring devices, such as rain gauges, thermometers, barometers, tilt meters, accelerometers, piezometers and extensometers; and radar measuring devices. Deformation surveyors may use one or several of these devices to put together a deformation survey.

How often should surveys be done?

To be able to assess whether land is moving or changing several deformation surveys need to be done over time to track the changes.

The regularity of deformation surveys depends on the specific application. In some cases deformation surveys need to be done both in the short term and over a longer period. For example, the land supporting the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco may see movements every few seconds due to traffic - but these changes are a lot different to the changes seen due to tectonic activity over months and years.

Where to find a deformation land surveyor

.You can also use the internet to get references and reviews of specific civil surveyor course in rawalpindi.

Be sure to choose a land surveyor that has experience working with deformation surveys and ask for references and examples of similar previous work they have completed. Get several price quotes before settling on a land surveyor.

Always check that your land surveyor is licensed to work in your state and has all the credentials that are required. 

civil surveyor course in islamabad

The automatic level is one of technology's more recent versions of the construction level. How is the automatic level different from earlier versions of construction levels such as the wye and dumpy level? In order to understand what an automatic level is, we must first enroll in civil surveyor course in islamabad

civil surveyor course in islamabad  provides training for Construction levels which can be compared to carpenter's levels. Carpenter's levels are used to determine if two points a few inches apart have equal elevation or are horizontal. Like the carpenter's level the construction level incorporates the spirit level, which is the little slightly curved glass vial filled with a colored spirit. In this case the spirit is alcohol with a bubble floating in it. But in order to transfer a horizontal line a distance to another point, construction levels were developed with the spirit vial attached to a telescope. The telescope is mounted on a vertical axis, about which it can swing horizontally and is adjusted by four leveling screws. All of this makes up the instrument which is mounted on a tripod to stabilize it and to bring it up to the operator's eye.

Examples of earlier versions of the construction level that utilized the spirit vial are the wye level, also written "Y level"; the dumpy level; and the tilting dumpy level. The wye has the spirit vial attached to the telescope. The telescope rests on a horizontal bar that is rigidly attached to the vertical axis and adjusted by three to four leveling screws. The wye is unique in that the telescope can be unclamped and removed from the horizontal bar, turned end for end, and replaced. This is done when testing the bubble for adjustment. The wye is generally no longer available as a new instrument.

The dumpy level is essentially constructed the same as the wye level except that the spirit vial and telescope are rigidly attached to the cross bar and vertical axis making it all one piece. The advantage to the dumpy over the wye level is that it can withstand rougher usage and still maintain its accuracy. The only real benefit the wye has over the dumpy is that the adjustment of line of sight can be a little more easily tested. The dumpy level is still in common use.

When operating the wye or dumpy level, the observer must constantly check the spirit vial and adjust the leveling screws in order for the instrument to be truly level at the instant of observation. The tilting dumpy level has features to reduce the random error inherent to both the wye and dumpy level.

The tilting dumpy level is brought to approximate horizontal position with a bull's eye spirit level. The observer can then bring the instrument to a true horizontal position by turning a tilting knob. He or she views the more sensitive main leveling bubble through either an eye piece adjacent to the telescope or within the field of view of the telescope itself. The observer sees the bubble as two half images of opposite ends of the same bubble that are separated longitudinally. This is called the "coincidence bubble." The viewing of the coincidence bubble is made possible by a special arrangement of prisms. The observer tilts the telescope with the tilting knob until the two half images correspond thus indicating the bubble is centered and the telescope is horizontal.

Now we come to the automatic level which is also a part of civil surveyor course in islamabad. The automatic level is said to be self-leveling. When it is brought to near horizontal position with a spirit level in the form of a vial or bull's eye, then the leveling is completed by means of a prism carried on a pendulum inside the instrument. The pendulum that carries the prism is made-up of two pairs of wires. Light enters the large lens called the objective lens and is reflected through the prism to the eyepiece end of the telescope. The prism and the pendulum is so designed that only the horizontal, level rays of light are reflected through the cross hairs to the optical center of the objective lens. As a result even though the barrel of the instrument is only near horizontal, the image viewed through the eye piece is horizontal.

The self-leveling feature makes the automatic level superior to the previous versions of the construction level by making it possible to set the instrument up more rapidly and by eliminating random errors that are created by maintaining a centered spirit level bubble.

A Comparative Analysis of Surveyors' Prisms

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The first step to conducting a proper civil surveyor course in rawalpindi is gathering the right equipment for the job. No matter whether you're measuring a property line for a fence, vertical lines for a skyscraper or mapping a riverbed prior to a dredging operation, it is vital to have the right equipment for the job. Here is a comparative analysis of the various prism sets available through civil surveyor course in rawalpindi.

The primary tool a land surveyor uses is a total station. This device sits atop a tripod and emits an infrared beam that is intercepted by a prism fixed on top of a pole. Proper land surveys usually require two people to operate the equipment: one to hold the pole carrying the prism, and one to operate the total station and collect data from Global Positioning Systems. When the data is collected and entered into a computer, a specialized program can calculate the area of survey to within a few millimeters.

Surveyors have several options when choosing a civil surveyor course in Rawalpindi.

The CST single prism assembly comes encased in a lightweight but rugged polycarbonate container, so it won't break easily in the field. The CST model is used with a brightly painted red and white sighting pole to allow for quick sighting in long-distance surveys.

The Seco Tilting Triple Prism assembly can hold one, two or three prisms at once, allowing for even more accurate measurements than a single prism device. It is encased in orange polycarbonate with metal inserts and an aluminum yoke, which make this a very sturdy device that can stand up to the elements and will last for years with proper care. The prism assembly is compatible with most screw-in prisms, and it comes equipped with a peep sight that allows the surveyor to accurately point the holder toward the infrared beam.

Topcon makes many surveying products including data collectors and total stations, so it's no surprise that this company offers several different options for prisms as well. The Topcon prism assembly comes encased in heavy-duty plastic to offset damage if dropped or jostled. The zero-constant prism features precision-ground glass with a 60 millimeter effective diameter. It also comes equipped with a prism holder for long-distance horizontal measurements. The Topcon prism features a striped sighting pole for easy spotting by the data collector. This model does not tilt, but it can be inverted to house a 30 millimeter prism.

The Sokkia Deluxe Pentaprism offers a view of 90 degrees off the surveyor's line of sight. This hand-held device is housed in a black anodized shell with a satin finish and comes with a carrying case that clips onto a belt. The palm grip barrel is 3 inches long with a 1.4 inch diameter, and extends to 4 inches to enable sighting.

Survey Equipment Used By Land Surveyors

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Land surveyors use different types of survey equipment to perform various jobs with effective on job training from civil surveyor course in rawalpindi . Learning more about the equipment used by land survey specialists will give you a better understanding of the whole process.

There are various kinds of survey tools that is used by land survey experts to perform various types of surveys based on client requirements. There are diverse types of tools and technology that is used for various types of surveys and land surveyors require having all these tools with specialized civil surveyor course in rawalpindi. Since the documents pertaining to the survey of any piece of land in enormously important, it is very important for the professionals to use the accurate equipment to record exact details. Over the centuries, these tools have undergone a marvelous change and the ones that are accessible today are believed to be the best.

The level rods are significant survey equipment that every land survey specialist should have. This is one of the most widespread instruments that we see in use mostly during road construction projects. These rods are used to calculate the altitude of the land. The marking on both sides of this rod are used to record the measurements which are then used as the root for any construction project on that portion of land. There are two types of level rods that are utilized by land surveyors, target rods and self reading rods. Before the surveyor begins taking the measurement, the scale is place to zero and the deviation of the height is measured.

The Planimeter is one of the most important pieces of survey equipment that is generally used during boundary surveys since it can facilitate in calculating the area of the land. Irrespective of the shape and size of the land being surveyed, this apparatus will help in calculating the surface area. This equipment is used to map out the asymmetrical perimeter of the land and from this information the area is calculated. The discovery of this instrument cut down the process of boundary land surveying to a great degree.

The Theodolite is a meticulous piece of equipment and is used to calculate the horizontal as well as the vertical angles, which is attained by triangulating the interpretations and this is focused during civil surveyor course in rawalpindi. This instrument that can be used for surveying land, in spite of adverse weather conditions. In addition to this equipment, the land surveyors also use the plumb bob to verify vertical precision.

The Cable Locator is an appliance that is used to identify the various cables and pipes that run underneath the surface of the land being surveyed, The distance reading while conducting a survey can be gauged using the chains. The chains that are used by land surveyors are typically 66 feet in length and are made up of 100 links.